Chana belongs to leguminasae family and there are two
main types - Desi and Kabuli. Desi chickpeas is the main type grown in
India
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- India's chana
production fluctuates between 4-7 million tons and is normally 40% of
India's total pulse production of 12-15 million tons India's chana
production in 2003-04, chana production is 5.33 million tons out of a
total pulse production of 15.23 million tons.
- The major producing
states are Madhya Pradesh (1.5-2.5 million tons, Uttar Pradesh
(0.7-0.85 million tons), Rajasthan (0.5-2.5 million tons) and
Maharashtra (0.5-0.7 million tons).
- Chana is a rabi crop
and is sown from nov to december and harvested from Feb to March. The
peak arrival period begins from March-April at the major trading
centers of the country.
- India accounts for
2/3rd of the world's chickpea production. India imports around 3-4
lakh tons of chickpeas annually. The major countries from where India
imports chickpeas is Canada, Australia, Iran and Myanmar.
- Indian chana markets
are highly fragmented, with very long value chain. The major players
in the value chain are commission agents, brokers, stockists,
wholesale traders, dal mills, wholesalers (dal) and retail outlets.
The information flow between these participants is restricted and very
slow.
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Major Trading Centers
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- Indore, Bhopal,
Vidisha in Madhya Pradesh.
- Jalgaon, Latur,
Mumbai, Akola in Maharashtra.
- Jaipur, Bikaner,
Kota, Jodhpur, Sriganaganagar, Hanumangarh in Rajasthan.
- Other major centers
are Delhi, Chennai, Kanpur, Hapur, Hyderabad, Vijayawada, Gulbarga,
Sirsa, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Sangrur.
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Month-to-Month Variation in Gram Prices at
Indore from 1998-99 to 2003-04
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< 3
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3 - 5
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5 - 10
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10 - 20
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20 - 30
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> 30
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In %
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21.4
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14.3
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21.4
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30
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5.7
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7.1
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Market Influencing Factors
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- Chana can withstand
moisture stress to a certain extent. However, the production highly
fluctuates between years, depending on the rains received and the
moisture availability in the soil.
- The sentiments of
traders play a significant role currently, as a consequence of the
lack of free-flow of information.
- Stocks present with
stockists and the stocks-to-consumption ratio.
- Imports and the crop
situation in the countries from where imports originate, viz., Canada,
Australia, Myanmar.
- There is high
substitutability between pulses in India among the consumers. So the
price of other major pulses like tur, yellow peas, green peas etc also
influence the prices of chana.
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